Which concept states that financial reporting only concerns information significant enough to influence decisions?

• A. Materiality
• B. Accrual Principle
• C. Adequate Disclosure
• D. Historical Cost

Answer: (A)

Materiality means that financial reporting includes information only if omitting or misstating it could influence decisions. This keeps financial statements relevant and free from irrelevant detail, focusing on items that would change whether users would act (investors, lenders, managers, etc.). Whether something is material depends on its size, nature, and the context of the information; a small, ordinary variance is often immaterial, while a large misstatement is material and must be disclosed or corrected. The other concepts address different ideas: the accrual principle relates to when items are recognized (timing rather than significance), adequate disclosure concerns providing essential information, and historical cost deals with how data are measured (recording at the original purchase price) rather than whether information matters to decision-makers.